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Opinion Editorials, March 2016

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ENGL 4420: Non-Western Literature class

 March 17, 2016

 

Nobel Laureate Orhan Pamuk's  

http://www.orhanpamuk.net/

 

My Name Is Red set in Istanbul in the 1500s.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Name_Is_Red  

 

Ottoman miniaturists,  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_miniature 

 

Mimesis 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis  

 

Islamic Rulings about accidental killing (by mistake):

 

æóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöãõÄúãöäò Ãóä íóÞúÊõáó ãõÄúãöäðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÎóØóÃð ۚ æóãóä ÞóÊóáó ãõÄúãöäðÇ ÎóØóÃð ÝóÊóÍúÑöíÑõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò ãøõÄúãöäóÉò æóÏöíóÉñ ãøõÓóáøóãóÉñ Åöáóìٰ Ãóåúáöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóä íóÕøóÏøóÞõæÇ ۚ ÝóÅöä ßóÇäó ãöä Þóæúãò ÚóÏõæòø áøóßõãú æóåõæó ãõÄúãöäñ ÝóÊóÍúÑöíÑõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò ãøõÄúãöäóÉò ۖ æóÅöä ßóÇäó ãöä Þóæúãò Èóíúäóßõãú æóÈóíúäóåõã ãöøíËóÇÞñ ÝóÏöíóÉñ ãøõÓóáøóãóÉñ Åöáóìٰ Ãóåúáöåö æóÊóÍúÑöíÑõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò ãøõÄúãöäóÉò ۖ Ýóãóä áøóãú íóÌöÏú ÝóÕöíóÇãõ ÔóåúÑóíúäö ãõÊóÊóÇÈöÚóíúäö ÊóæúÈóÉð ãöøäó ÇááøóÜåö ۗ æóßóÇäó ÇááøóÜåõ ÚóáöíãðÇ ÍóßöíãðÇ ﴿٩٢ (ÇáäÓÇÁ ¡ 4: 92).

 

And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake - then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment presented to the deceased's family [is required] unless they give [up their right as] charity.

 

But if the deceased was from a people at war with you and he was a believer - then [only] the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty - then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave.

 

And whoever does not find [one or cannot afford to buy one] - then [instead], a fast for two months consecutively, [seeking] acceptance of repentance from Allah. And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise (Al-Nissa, 4: 92)  .

 

Islamic Ruling about murder (planned killing):

 

ãöäú ÃóÌúáö Ðóٰáößó ßóÊóÈúäóÇ Úóáóìٰ Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Ãóäøóåõ ãóä ÞóÊóáó äóÝúÓðÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö äóÝúÓò Ãóæú ÝóÓóÇÏò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóßóÃóäøóãóÇ ÞóÊóáó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóãóäú ÃóÍúíóÇåóÇ ÝóßóÃóäøóãóÇ ÃóÍúíóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÌóãöíÚðÇ ۚ (ÇáãÇÆÏÉ ¡ 5: 32).

Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely (Al-Ma-ida, 5: 32). 

 

æóßóÊóÈúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÝöíåóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáúÚóíúäó ÈöÇáúÚóíúäö æóÇáúÃóäÝó ÈöÇáúÃóäÝö æóÇáúÃõÐõäó ÈöÇáúÃõÐõäö æóÇáÓöøäøó ÈöÇáÓöøäöø æóÇáúÌõÑõæÍó ÞöÕóÇÕñ ۚ Ýóãóä ÊóÕóÏøóÞó Èöåö Ýóåõæó ßóÝøóÇÑóÉñ áøóåõ ۚ æóãóä áøóãú íóÍúßõã ÈöãóÇ ÃóäÒóáó ÇááøóÜåõ ÝóÃõæáóÜٰÆößó åõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó ﴿٤٥ (ÇáãÇÆÏÉ ¡ 5: 45).

And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers (Al-Ma-ida, 5: 45). 

 

What’s soul? 

http://www.aljazeerah.info/Islamic%20Editorials/2007/November/Mind,%20Self,%20Soul,%20Spirit,%20and%20Happiness%20from%20an%20Islamic%20Perspective%20By%20Hassan%20Ali%20El-Najjar.htm

 

The Last Day: 

http://www.aljazeerah.info/Islamic%20Editorials/2015/December/The%20Last%20Day,%20The%20Hour,%20Resurrection,%20Reckoning,%20and%20Judgment%20By%20Hassan%20Ali%20El-Najjar.htm

 

When is it okay and when is it not, to depict human beings?

 

It’s not OK to depict God and His human messengers (Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammed).

 

It’s OK to depict other human beings by painting them but not by sculpture, as statues, in order to avoid idolatry. 

 

Marriage: 

ÝóÇäßöÍõæÇ ãóÇ ØóÇÈó áóßõã ãöøäó ÇáäöøÓóÇÁö ãóËúäóìٰ æóËõáóÇËó æóÑõÈóÇÚó ۖ ÝóÅöäú ÎöÝúÊõãú ÃóáøóÇ ÊóÚúÏöáõæÇ ÝóæóÇÍöÏóÉð (ÇáäÓÇÁ ¡ 4: 3).  

 

Marry those that please you of women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just (among them), then (marry only) one (Al-Nissa, 4: 3). 

 

Divorce:

 

æóÇáúãõØóáøóÞóÇÊõ íóÊóÑóÈøóÕúäó ÈöÃóäÝõÓöåöäøó ËóáóÇËóÉó ÞõÑõæÁò ۚ æóáóÇ íóÍöáøõ áóåõäøó Ãóä íóßúÊõãúäó ãóÇ ÎóáóÞó ÇááøóÜåõ Ýöí ÃóÑúÍóÇãöåöäøó Åöä ßõäøó íõÄúãöäøó ÈöÇááøóÜåö æóÇáúíóæúãö ÇáúÂÎöÑö ۚ æóÈõÚõæáóÊõåõäøó ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÑóÏöøåöäøó Ýöí Ðóٰáößó Åöäú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÅöÕúáóÇÍðÇ ۚ æóáóåõäøó ãöËúáõ ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåöäøó ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ۚ æóáöáÑöøÌóÇáö Úóáóíúåöäøó ÏóÑóÌóÉñ ۗ æóÇááøóÜåõ ÚóÒöíÒñ Íóßöíãñ ﴿٢٢٨

ÇáØøóáóÇÞõ ãóÑøóÊóÇäö ۖ ÝóÅöãúÓóÇßñ ÈöãóÚúÑõæÝò Ãóæú ÊóÓúÑöíÍñ ÈöÅöÍúÓóÇäò ۗ æóáóÇ íóÍöáøõ áóßõãú Ãóä ÊóÃúÎõÐõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÂÊóíúÊõãõæåõäøó ÔóíúÆðÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóä íóÎóÇÝóÇ ÃóáøóÇ íõÞöíãóÇ ÍõÏõæÏó ÇááøóÜåö ۖ ÝóÅöäú ÎöÝúÊõãú ÃóáøóÇ íõÞöíãóÇ ÍõÏõæÏó ÇááøóÜåö ÝóáóÇ ÌõäóÇÍó ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÇÝúÊóÏóÊú Èöåö ۗ Êöáúßó ÍõÏõæÏõ ÇááøóÜåö ÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÊóÏõæåóÇ ۚ æóãóä íóÊóÚóÏøó ÍõÏõæÏó ÇááøóÜåö ÝóÃõæáóÜٰÆößó åõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó ﴿٢٢٩

ÝóÅöä ØóáøóÞóåóÇ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÍöáøõ áóåõ ãöä ÈóÚúÏõ ÍóÊøóìٰ ÊóäßöÍó ÒóæúÌðÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ ۗ ÝóÅöä ØóáøóÞóåóÇ ÝóáóÇ ÌõäóÇÍó ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ Ãóä íóÊóÑóÇÌóÚóÇ Åöä ÙóäøóÇ Ãóä íõÞöíãóÇ ÍõÏõæÏó ÇááøóÜåö ۗ æóÊöáúßó ÍõÏõæÏõ ÇááøóÜåö íõÈóíöøäõåóÇ áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó   (ÇáÈÞÑÉ ¡ 2: 229).

Divorced women remain in waiting for three periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs if they believe in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation. And due to the wives is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable. But the men have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  (228)

Divorce is twice (for the same spouse). Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allah. But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allah, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allah, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah - it is those who are the wrongdoers.  (229)

And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him. And if the latter husband divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon the woman and her former husband for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allah. These are the limits  (rules) of Allah, which He makes clear to a people who know (Al-Baqara, 2: 227-230).




 

 

 

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